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Review of sanitation facilities in emergency situations for the case study of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami at Aceh region, Indonesia
Art der Abschlussarbeit
Master
Autoren
- Wibowo, Wisnu
Betreuer
- Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Peter Krebs
- Dr.-Ing. Jens Tränckner
Abstract
"Objective of the thesis was to evaluate the sanitation conditions in the emergency case of the Tsunamy flood of Banda Aceh and to propose measures for improving these conditions in similar cases.
Despite the minimum emergency sanitation standard was met, emergency sanitation facilities in Aceh were generally reported to remain in poor condition. Generally, water and sanitation sectors were not the main focus even though financial resources were highly available.
Since water-based sanitation practice is inevitable regarding to local custom, establishing pour flush toilets is the best option. Only the use of water should be minimized. This can be achieved by avoiding installing water pipes to the toilet chambers. Instead, users have to carry water in a bucket to the toilet. Experience shows, that a piping system into the toilet chambers increases the waste water volume by up to 8 times.
Squat position toilets are more preferred since they are cheaper than sitting-position toilets. Besides, the avoid skin contact are therefore regarded to be more hygienic.
People in Aceh need skills and training to monitor the supply of water and sanitation on their own. An important issue that cannot be neglected is the role of an operator who is assigned and paid a monthly fee. This will ensure the cleanliness of the sanitation facilities.
For primary treatment of wastewater regarding the great risk of pollution of groundwater resources it is recommended to construct watertight septic tanks.
For secondary treatment, vegetated leach-field is highly recommended. It reduces harmful nutrients which still exist in the treated wastewater from septic tank, so they can be useful for vegetation such as vetiver grass or banana.
It has to be understood that the reconstruction of houses in Aceh is as an opportunity to improve the sanitation facilities and techniques. It becomes a chance to improve people’s health and save the environment."
Despite the minimum emergency sanitation standard was met, emergency sanitation facilities in Aceh were generally reported to remain in poor condition. Generally, water and sanitation sectors were not the main focus even though financial resources were highly available.
Since water-based sanitation practice is inevitable regarding to local custom, establishing pour flush toilets is the best option. Only the use of water should be minimized. This can be achieved by avoiding installing water pipes to the toilet chambers. Instead, users have to carry water in a bucket to the toilet. Experience shows, that a piping system into the toilet chambers increases the waste water volume by up to 8 times.
Squat position toilets are more preferred since they are cheaper than sitting-position toilets. Besides, the avoid skin contact are therefore regarded to be more hygienic.
People in Aceh need skills and training to monitor the supply of water and sanitation on their own. An important issue that cannot be neglected is the role of an operator who is assigned and paid a monthly fee. This will ensure the cleanliness of the sanitation facilities.
For primary treatment of wastewater regarding the great risk of pollution of groundwater resources it is recommended to construct watertight septic tanks.
For secondary treatment, vegetated leach-field is highly recommended. It reduces harmful nutrients which still exist in the treated wastewater from septic tank, so they can be useful for vegetation such as vetiver grass or banana.
It has to be understood that the reconstruction of houses in Aceh is as an opportunity to improve the sanitation facilities and techniques. It becomes a chance to improve people’s health and save the environment."
Schlagwörter
sanitation, tsunami, pour flash toilets, watertight septic tanks
Berichtsjahr
2008