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Examination of suitable desalination processes for injection into hydraulic barriers
Art der Abschlussarbeit
Master
Autoren
- Herr, Laura Elisa
Betreuer
- Prof. Dr. André Lerch
- M.Sc. Hanna Rosentreter
Weitere Betreuer
JProf. Marc Walther (TU Dresden, Chair of Contaminant Hydrology)
Abstract
Saltwater Intrusion [SWI] is a global problem that leads to the destruction of groundwater resources, making water unusable as drinking or service water. In order to specifically reduce the SWI, measures such as the installation of hydraulic barriers are necessary. The saline water is extracted from the aquifer, treated by a desalination process and reinjected again. Two areas affected by SWI were selected for which a model water according to the groundwater composition was prepared. The first area, Salalah in Oman, shows slightly to highly saline groundwater. In the second area, the eastern Nile Delta in Egypt, the groundwater has a salinity equivalent to that of seawater. The model waters were treated in laboratory experiments with two different desalination processes, reverse osmosis [RO] and membrane capacitive deionisation [MCDI]. For the RO, additional computer simulations were carried out with the LewaPlus software. The RO is the most frequently used process for water desalination in practice. The rarely used MCDI is considered an innovative desalination process, which is attracting increasing interest due to good treatment performance and low energy consumption. The treatment of the model water of Oman is possible with both methods. The model water of Egypt can be treated with the RO, but not with the MCDI, due to the high salt content. With optimal process operation, the RO achieves a salt retention of up to 97.3 % and the MCDI a salt retention of up to 96.8 % for the model water of Oman. The RO achieves a salt retention of up to 91.8 % for the model water of Egypt using a brackish water membrane and up to 99.0 % using a seawater membrane. The water yield of the MCDI with a high salt retention is approx. 50 %, that of the RO up to 86 % for Oman and up to 60 % for Egypt. Both processes can be used to treat several hundred cubic metres of water per day, depending on the size of the plant, so that sufficient extraction and reinjection quantity can be provided for the hydraulic barrier.
Schlagwörter
saltwater intrusion, seawater intrusion, reverse osmosis, membrane capacitive deionisation, LewaPlus, hydraulic barrier
Berichtsjahr
2018