Affective Touch Processing in Autism and Implications for Touch Research

Introduction

Interpersonal touch plays a fundamental role in social communication, emotional regulation, and well-being. Research increasingly shows that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit atypical sensory processing, including altered responses to tactile stimuli. A recent psychophysical study by Makita et al. (2025) investigated how adults with ASD evaluate the pleasantness and softness of materials with varying compliance, particularly materials resembling the mechanical properties of human body parts.

Findings

Makita et al. (2025) found that both neurotypical adults and adults with ASD perceived increases in softness similarly as material compliance increased. However, the groups differed in their affective evaluations. Individuals with ASD showed a significantly reduced increase in perceived pleasantness when touching softer materials, especially within the compliance range comparable to human skin. These results suggest that while discriminative tactile perception remains largely intact, affective processing of tactile stimuli is altered in ASD.

Interpretation

These findings align with theoretical distinctions between discriminative and affective touch systems (McGlone et al., 2014) and support broader frameworks emphasizing motivational and reward-related mechanisms in autism (Chevallier et al., 2012). Reduced affective valuation of skin-like touch stimuli may contribute to the commonly observed avoidance of interpersonal touch in ASD, thereby influencing social interaction patterns.

Implications for Touch Research and Touch Medicine

For interdisciplinary research groups such as the ConTakt Lab, the study provides important empirical evidence that social touch differences may arise primarily from altered emotional appraisal rather than impaired sensory detection. This insight can inform future research on neural processing of affective touch, adaptive haptic technologies, and inclusive experimental paradigms. In clinical contexts, Touch Medicine approaches may benefit from personalized tactile interventions that consider individual affective sensory profiles, graded exposure to tactile stimuli, and adjustable therapeutic materials tailored to patient preferences.

Conclusion

Overall, the study highlights the importance of distinguishing between perceptual and affective dimensions of tactile processing in ASD. Integrating psychophysical, neuroscientific, and clinical perspectives will be essential for translating these findings into future therapeutic and technological applications.

References

Cascio, C. J., Moore, D., & McGlone, F. (2019). Social touch and human development. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 35, 5–11.
Chevallier, C., Kohls, G., Troiani, V., Brodkin, E. S., & Schultz, R. T. (2012). The social motivation theory of autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 231–239.
Makita, K., Kitada, R., Makino, T., Sakakihara, N., Fukuoka, A., & Kosaka, H. (2025). Atypical tactile preferences in autism spectrum disorder: Reduced pleasantness responses to soft objects resembling human body parts. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences.
McGlone, F., Wessberg, J., & Olausson, H. (2014). Discriminative and affective touch: Sensing and feeling. Neuron, 82, 737–755.