"Die kausale Theorie von Pejorativa (Slurs)" Stefan Rinner im Institut­skolloquium

Beginn: 18:30 Uhr Ort: Zoom-Meeting  ID: 815 3530 7434 Kenncode: kL5eZ%0c

Abstract:

"Language can be used in highly destructive ways. One such way is the usage of slurs. These are expressions that are used to refer to the members of a given group, the target group, in a derogatory, pejorative or otherwise insulting way because of their race, nationality, religion, gender, sexual orientation etc. As a consequence, slurs primarily have two functions. First, they can be used to offend or psychologically harm the members of the target group. Second, slurs can be used to create or reinforce negative attitudes towards them. For example, most uses of slurs for Jewish people in Nazi propaganda had mainly the purpose to create and reinforce anti-Semitic attitudes that would lead to increasing discrimination and violence against Jews, to their expulsion or incarceration in concentration camps, and, ultimately, to genocide. Similarly, Tirrell argues that the massive use of the slur ''Iyenzi'' (cockroaches) for Tutsis in broadcasts from a Hutu radio station played a crucial role in inciting the genocide of Tutsis. As Tirrell points out, slurs ''regularly enact power, incite crimes, and rationalize cruelty'' (Tirrell 2012, 192).

In the philosophy of language, the question then arises how derogation by means of slurs is accomplished. A satisfactory answer to this question should explain both the offensiveness of slurs and the fact that slurs can be used to create and reinforce negative attitudes. As Caroline West and others point out, answering the question how derogation by means of slurs is accomplished may have implications for the legal question of whether there should be restrictions on hate speech involving slurs. Furthermore, the question is also of particular interest for philosophy of language in general, since it puts our existing tools of understanding language to the test.

In this talk, I put forward and systematically develop a new explanation of the derogatory force of slurs, taking as a starting point a causal account of their referential properties. On the view on offer, slurs are derogatory because, unlike their neutral counterparts, they have been grounded in the target group by speakers who have negative attitudes towards its members. I will argue that such a causal theory of slurs does better than virtually any of its competitors and that, for the first time, it offers a complete account of the referential properties of slurs, i.e. of the fact that slurs can be used to refer to the target group. By extending the causal theory to other referring pejoratives, the proposed explanation promises not only a better understanding of slurs, but of pejorative language in general, opening up new ways of investigating evaluative terms."