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Johanna Weinmeister was born on 14 November 1887 in Tharandt, the youngest daughter of the mathematics professor Johann Philipp Weinmeister and his wife Kamilla. She initially attended a private secondary school in Tharandt and also received private lessons in mathematics and Latin. After completing realgymnasium courses for girls in Leipzig, she took her school-leaving examination externally at Easter 1907.

Johanna Weinmeister and Emmy Schecker were the first female students to enrol in the winter semester of 1907/08. Emmy Schecker's previous application for admission was rejected on 29 March 1907. It was only when her father, Oberregierungsrat Schecker, asked the rector of the Technische Hochschule Dresden to admit his daughter Emmy as a regular student that the announcement was made on 23 October 1907 that from now on "female persons" could also be fully enrolled. Emmy Schecker then studied chemistry in Dresden for one semester.

Johanna Weinmeister studied at the General Department with the aim of taking her teacher's examination. In 1913 she passed written examinations in mathematics and physics, which were followed by the teaching examination for the higher teaching profession. She completed her examination on 19 and 20 December 1913 with the overall result "good" and was thus also the first female graduate of the Technical University of Dresden.

She first became a private assistant at the Literary History Seminar and in autumn 1914 began her probationary year at the Dresden Altstädter höhere Mädchenschule. She taught at higher girls' schools in Dresden until 1918 and then taught at the higher girls' school in Annaberg until 1927. As early as 1921, she was appointed a Studienrätin (teacher). For health reasons, she retired in 1929 after a two-year leave of absence. She lived in Tharandt and tutored young girls from her circle of acquaintances in mathematics. She died in Tharandt on 27 December 1940.