Classical Ancient History covers the history of the Greeks and Romans in the Mediterranean region from around 1200 BC to around 600 AD and is divided into six epochs. ARCHAIC GREECE includes the epics of Homer and Hesiod, the poetry of Sappho, early Sparta, the first great inscriptions and the development of the polis in general. CLASSICAL GREECE covers Athenian democracy and the heyday of art and culture, historiography, rhetoric and philosophy - but also the Persian Wars, the conflict between Athens and Sparta and thus questions of power and rule, including the phenomenon of slavery. The HELLENISTIC PERIOD is about the conquests of Alexander the Great and then his successors, the so-called Diadochi, in whose empires the Greek-Hellenistic culture spread from Alexandria to Kandajar despite all the conflicts. The ROMAN REPUBLIC begins with the expulsion of the kings, is characterized by long wars against Pyrrhos, then Carthage and finally conquests in the Hellenistic East, spectacular triumphal processions, power politics in the Senate and finally famous stakeholders such as Cicero, Pompey and Caesar. The ROMAN EMPIRE encompasses everything from the Principate of Augustus to Diocletian, an era of wars on the borders but peace and prosperity at home (despite the eruption of Vesuvius in 79). Then came the rise of the Christians - and the persecution of their followers. Finally, LATE ANTIQUITY is characterized by only one god - but many variants of his worship -, University Assemblies and religious conflicts, some of which still have an impact today. Politically, the focus shifts to the East, to Constantinople, at the latest with the deposition of the Western Roman Emperor in 476, while the entire Mediterranean region and Europe are characterized by climate change and migration movements. Where and when exactly antiquity ends is controversial - unlike the important and often formative heritage, whereby the RECEPTION of antiquity is once again a completely separate field, apart from the history of its respective disciplines of archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics, papyrology, classical philology and ancient history.