A large number of biotic and abiotic risk factors may cause damage to forests. The correct diagnosis of the causal agent of damage by using specific characteristics is an essential part of forest protection.

The key to avoid forest damage by pest organisms is a monitoring routine, in which species-specific methods are used. If there is an existing risk, further methods are used to predict the future development.

As soon as monitoring and subsequent prognosis indicate an imminent risk of a forest stand, the possible control of the risk factor has to be considered. The decision whether such a measure is necessary and which strategy is suitable and preferably environmentally friendly is another important task of forest protection.