Luca Bertinetti

From the time of my PhD, I have been interested in studying molecular structure and interactions at the interfaces of biological materials.

Biological materials are constituted by chemically fairly simple molecular/supramolecular building blocks which are assembled over several hierarchical levels. This organization across different scales, together with possible small changes in chemical composition, endow the tissues with a variety of functionalities for which, in the last decades, biological materials became source of inspiration. However, independent of their function, these materials have evolved to optimize their interactions with water and ions, as these are ubiquitous in biological tissues. In many cases, changes in water and ions concentration even induce materials’ responses that are fundamental to achieve the desired functionality. Prominent examples are passive actuation in plants, hydration dependent force generation in collagen and crystallization of amorphous calcium carbonate. One of my goals is to describe and understand, from the molecular level upward, the interplay of water structure and interactions, ions nature and properties, and the molecular/supramolecular structure of the components of natural materials. For this, I strive to describe the thermodynamic of these interactions and to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed responses at the materials and tissues levels. Because of the various hierarchical levels of organization of biological materials, I have been developing (in collaboration with many groups and colleagues) in-situ, multi-technique approaches, allowing to obtain information from the molecular to the macroscopic level.

Because the physical chemistry of these interaction is fundamental also to the formation of biological materials, I lately I became more and more interested in describing and understanding the processes underlying tissues deposition. To this aim, I have been working to establish FIB/SEM based volume imaging, a technique that enables the imaging of three-dimensional volumes that are larger than typical eukaryotic cells with a voxel size down to 3-4 nm and in particular, Cryo-FIB/SEM, (i.e. FIB/SEM serial surface imaging in cryogenic conditions) that represents the most advanced method for tissue imaging in the quasi-native state.

In parallel, I’m highly involved in the development of 3D image processing, AI-based segmentation techniques and volume imaging analytical tools.

Professional career:

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