Dresden Senior Fellowship
22 June – 5 July 2019

Visiting the Institute of Urban and Pavement EngineeringFaculty of Civil Engineering

Prof. Sánchez Silva works as a professor at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of Los Andes in Colombia. He was visiting the Institute of Urban and Pavement Engineering at TU Dresden for an intensive exchange of experiences. The intention was to initiate a collaboration in the following areas: the process of dimensioning asphalt pavements and the integration of a life cycle cost analysis into the dimensioning process. Furthermore, Prof. Sánchez Silva held a lecture on “Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Infrastructure Systems” as part of the ACCESS course programme.

The main areas of research of Prof. Sánchez Silva are applied probability (risk and reliability assessment), life-cycle analysis, and physical and stochastic modelling of degrading systems. The results of his research have already led to the publication of numerous journal and conference papers, several book chapters and three books.

Dresden Senior Fellowship
1 May - 30 September 2019

Visiting the Institute of Construction Management Faculty of Civil Engineering

During his five-month Dresden Fellowship, Prof. Bulgakov, together with his host Prof. Jens Otto (Director of the Institute of Construction Management), expanded research relations for the further development of intelligent mechatronic systems in the construction industry.

Professor Bulgakov is a leading researcher in the field of mechatronics in civil engineering and holds the Chair of Automation, Robotics and Mechatronics at Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University in Russia. He is also a consultant to the Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering of the Russian Federation and one of the directors of the International Association for Automation and Robotics in Civil Engineering (IAARC).

Prof. Bulgakov has been associated with TU Dresden for 30 years and was a Humboldt Scholar at TU Dresden from 1992 to 1994. For his achievements, he received a prize from the German Federal Environmental Foundation (2010) and a prize for science and technology from the government of the Russian Federation (2014).

Dresden Junior Fellowship
15 June - 17 July 2019

Guest of Prof. Karl-Heinz Feger and Prof. Karsten Kalbitz at the Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology Department of Forest Sciences

Dr. Johan van Tol has been a Senior Lecturer at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa since 2016. His key research interests include water and sediment transport in semi-arid areas, a subject on which he has published internationally. He focuses on the Southern African region with its extensive arid and semi-arid areas. Employing Dr. van Tols’ expertise, the Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology will expand its research activities, which so far have been concentrated on East Africa (Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania).

His visit was intended to further the strategic interdisciplinary network of water research at TUD in alliance with the Helmholtz Environmental Research Centre in Leipzig (CAWR, area of potential “Water” of the next phase of Excellence) and the FLORES Institute of the UN University in Dresden.

Dresden Senior Fellowship
10 February - 10 July 2019

Guest at the Chair of Spatial Design Faculty of Architecture

Prof. Haupt was tenured Associate Professor of Architectural Design at Florida Atlantic University in Fort Lauderdale. During a sabbatical in New York, he expanded his architectural and artistic research on painting, colour, space and architecture. His scientific contributions to conferences and his publications deal with how best to teach the practical linking of artistic and architectural methods of design, using the examples of colour and space.

As an architect and as an artist, Mr. Haupt employed his critical discourse to support the “lntensivwochen Farbe” (Intensive weeks of colour) ‒ a programme in colour theory that is unique in Europe and has also served as a model for other universities. This programme is aimed at students of architecture, landscape architecture and vocational education. However, Mr Haupt dedicated the majority of his stay to joint research projects, which he combined with a seminar on “The Art of Making” in the summer semester of 2019. In the course of the semester, the aim was to create works that will culminate in an on-site exhibition or installation.

Seminar "The Art of Making" - Summer semester 2019 - Fridays (9:20 am-12:40 pm) respectively Wednesdays (2:50 - 4:20 pm)

Henning Haupt - Website

Dresden Junior Fellowship
13 January - 15 February 2019

Guest of Prof. Hartmut Fricke at the Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics

Dr. Xiaoqian Sun completed her doctorate in 2012 at the German Aerospace Center in Hamburg and, since 2015, has been working as Associate Professor at the National Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM at Beihang University in China. The collaboration between Dr. Sun and her host Prof. Hartmut Fricke has existed for several years and has already led to a joint IEEE publication and a joint research proposal within the framework of the SINO-DFG Collaboration Programme 2018.

Ms. Sun’s visit complemented the research fields of the Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences in the area of network planning, and created new momentum for further cross-institutional research priorities.

Dresden Senior Fellowship
1–30 September 2019

Vistiting Dr. Francesca Moresco - Single Molecule Machines Group, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)

Dr. Nicolas Lorente is an expert of world renown in the theoretical study of electronic and transport properties of nano-scale systems and mechanics with molecules on surfaces. His research interests complement the research activities of his host Dr. Francesca Moresco, group leader at the cfaed.

Dr. Nicolas Lorente’s visit gave the cfaed the opportunity to initiate a collaboration with the Materials Physics Center – a joint facility of the Spanish Scientific Research Council and the University of the Basque Country for basic research in materials science.

In addition, Dr. Lorente gave an introductory lecture on the simulation of inelastic transport signals on the molecular scale for interested students, PhD students and scientists.

More information:
Dr. Nicolas Lorente - Materials Physics Center

Dresden Senior Fellowship
1 August - 31 October 2019

Visiting Prof. Gianaurelio Cuniberti Chair of Materials Science and NanotechnologyFaculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering

Prof. Yuri A. Berlin is an expert of world renown in the field of charge transport and transfer in complex systems with a strong focus on the properties of biomolecular systems. Since 2005, he has been Research Professor at the Department of Chemistry of the Northwestern University.

The visiting scientist’s stay served to continue existing collaborations and to further networking with scientists from the Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and the Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS) at TU Dresden.  Prof. Berlin also gave lectures on his research area “charge transport and transfer in complex systems with a strong focus on the properties of biomolecular systems”.

Dresden Senior Fellowship
15 July – 31 October 2019

Guest of Prof. Peter Schegner,  Institute of Electrical Power Systems and High Voltage Engineering

Prof. Makhsud Bobojanov holds the Chair of “Electrical Power Supply” at Tashkent State Technical University. The collaboration within the Dresden Fellowship served to deepen the scientific co-operation in the field of electrical power supply and high-voltage technology, which has already existed since 2008. The focus was on joint research on “Learning the new methodology for calculating harmonic limits in the combined functioning of some renewable energy sources and carrying out calculations for a grid with asynchronous generator with pole-changing winding and photovoltaic systems for Uzbek conditions”.

Dresden Senior Fellowship
1 June – 31 October 2019

Visiting Prof. Thomas Mikolajick Institute of Semiconductors and Microsystems Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Prof. Toriumi is a world-leading scientist with an excellent reputation in the scientific field and the semiconductor industry, and professor emeritus of the Department of Materials Engineering at the University of Tokyo in Japan.

During his stay at TUD, Prof. Toriumi continued his research in two fields: a) the applications of field-induced ferroelectric HfO2 films, which were first reported by TU Dresden/NaMLab in Germany in 2011, and b) the origin of the formation of an unexpected orthorhombic (Pca21) phase at TU Dresden/NaMLab. Furthermore, he worked with students to discuss new developments in dielectric and ferroelectric materials and FET devices.

More information at:
Prof. Akira Toriumi - The University of Tokyo

Dresden Senior Fellowship
01 May - 31 July 2019

Guest of  Prof. Frank FitzekInstitute of Communication TechnologyFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Prof. Martin Reisslein is Professor at the School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering at Arizona State University. Prof. Reisslein has been collaborating closely with TU Dresden for many years and has actively supported the proposal for the CeTI Cluster of Excellence. During his research stay, joint research collaborations on the Tactile Internet and on 5G have been advanced.

More information:
Prof. Martin Reisslein - CeTI @ TU Dresden

Dresden Junior Fellowship
6 April – 4 October 2019

Guest at Institute of Semiconductors and MicrosystemsFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering

The Chair of Microsystems conducts application-oriented basic research on intelligent microsystems. With her research, Dr. Shilpi Pandey expanded the applicability in the field of life sciences and thus complemented the profile of the Chair. In addition, there were plans for collaborations with the existing networks of the Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED), the Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) and the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus in order to incorporate further competencies into the project.

Dr. Shilpi Pandey received her doctorate in 2017 and is currently a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay.

More information:
Dr. Shilpi Pandey at TU Dresden

Dresden Senior Fellowship
1 July – 31 August 2019

Visiting Prof. Maria Lieber Institute of Romance Studies Faculty of Linguistics, Literature and Cultural Studies

Prof. Pierno has been teaching and researching as a linguist at the Department of Italian Studies at the University of Toronto since 2008. His research focuses on the field of historical linguistics, combining his profound knowledge of biblical exegesis acquired through the study of theology with the examination of Protestant and Jesuit literature of the 16th and 17th centuries.

Prof. Pierno’s stay as Dresden Fellow at TU Dresden was intended to contribute to the work on the project “Digitisation and in-depth indexing of Italian manuscripts”, which was led by the Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library (SLUB) and the Institute of Romance Studies.

He held various workshops on the “Critical edition of Latin manuscripts”, in which (post) doctoral students of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences had the opportunity to expand their knowledge of hermeneutics and philology at the SLUB. Prof. Pierno also conducted workshops on language migration and on the theoretical examination of language contact, which he explained using the "Osservatorio degli Italianismi nel Mondo" (OIM).

Prof. Pierno’s cooperation with the various disciplines of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences (Applied Linguistics, Literature and Cultural Studies, History, Theology, Classical Philology, etc.) and with the SLUB supported philological and digital research in Dresden as a location of European cultural heritage.

More information:
Prof. Franco Pierno - University of Toronto

Dresden Junior Fellowship
22 June – 14 July 2019

Visiting Prof. Horst-Peter Götting Institute of Intellectual Property, Technology Law and Media Law (IGETeM), Faculty of Law

Dr. habil. Péter Mezei is an expert on European copyright law. He graduated as a lawyer in 2004 and as a legal translator in 2005 at the University of Szeged. He earned his PhD degree in Szeged in 2010. He is a full-time faculty member of the Szeged Law School, where he also functions as Associate Dean for International Affairs.

The IGETeM and the University of Szeged have been collaborating since 2013 within the "International Studies in International Property Law" degree programme, for which Dr. Péter Mezei is the contact person. During his stay as a Dresden Fellow, Dr. Mezei conducted a research project on the framework conditions regarding copyright for research and teaching as well as courses in the field of European copyright law.

More information:
Dr. Péter Mezei - University of Szeged

Dresden Junior Fellowship
1–31 July 2019

Guest of Jun.-Prof. Tim Buchen Institute of History Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Science

Dr. Dina Gusejnova is a renowned expert on transnational history and has undertaken research into German-speaking elites and minorities in the times of upheaval during the 20th century. She seeks to conceptualise statelessness in a historical context as an experience of diaspora, which has resulted in various overlaps with Prof. Buchen’s research on Jewish and German-speaking networks in Eastern Europe.

During her research stay, both historians developed a concept for a Summer School, accompanied by a workshop on historical minority research, to be held in the autumn of 2020. In addition, from 8 to 13 July 2019, Dr. Gusejnova contributedd a lecture to the Summer School "Jewish History and Culture in German-Slavic Speaking Contact Zones", and will take part in a workshop.

More information:
Dr. Dina Gusejnova - University of Sheffield

Dresden Junior Fellowship
23 June – 04 August 2019

Guest of Prof. Thomas Kühn Institute of English and American Studies Faculty of Linguistics, Literature and Cultural Studies

Dr. Amirhossein Vafa has been Assistant Professor of English and Comparative Literature at the Faculty of Literature and Humanities of Shiraz University since 2016. His work as a literary scholar has a cultural profile that underscores the work of the Chair of British Cultural Studies at TU Dresden.

Host Prof. Thomas Kühn met Dr. Vafa in Shiraz in February 2018, and aimed to establish a long-term partnership with the scholar. During Dr. Vafa’s stay at TU Dresden, in addition to holding discussions on joint research topics and lectures, work on a research proposal was conducted. There were also networking meetings with the Institute of English and American Studies as well as with the Centre for Integration Studies and the SLUB.

Dresden Senior Fellowship
10 June - 31 October 2019

Guest of Dr. Noa K. Ha Centre for Integration Studies

Prof. Fatima El-Tayeb is a German historian. Since 2004, she has been Professor of Literature and Ethnic Studies, and also Director of the »Critical Gender Studies« (CGS) programme at the University of California in San Diego. Her projects to date have been supported by the Volkswagen Foundation, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Mellon Foundation.

During her stay at TU Dresden, she was working on a joint research project to investigate the colonial heritage in East German memory cultures. Furthermore, Prof. El-Tayeb was involved in the ongoing research activities of the Centre for Integration Studies and the Collaborative Research Centre “Invectivity”. Several workshops and the development of an EU proposal were also planned.

In addition, Prof. El-Tayeb collaborated with the Deutsches Hygiene-Museum, curating a series of events in the accompanying programme of the exhibition “Rassismus – Die Erfindung von Menschenrassen” (Racism - The Invention of Human Races).

Dresden Senior Fellowship
9 June - 1 July 2019

Guest of Prof. Gert Melville Research Centre for Comparative History of Religious Orders (FOVOG)

Prof. James Mixson has been Associate Professor of History at the University of Alabama since 2009. His research interests include Medieval Europe, Medieval Religious and Cultural History, and Renaissance and Reformation in Europe.

Host Prof. Gert Melville has invited Dresden Fellow Prof. Wilde from the National University of General San Martín(Argentina) at the same time as Prof. Mixson, in order to conceptualise and establish comprehensive heuristics and to jointly advance plans for a research network that is in the process of being built.

More imnformation:
Prof. James Mixson at the University of Alabama

Dresden Senior Fellowship
14 June – 5 July 2019

Guest at Prof. Gert Melville Research Centre for Comparative History of Religious Orders (FOVOG)

Prof. Guillermo Wilde has been Associate Professor at the National University of San Martín since 2008. His research interests include Historical Anthropology and the Colonial History of Latin America. In 2012, he held a scholarship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.

Host Prof. Gert Melville has invited Dresden Fellow Prof. Mixson from the University of Alabama (USA) at the same time as Prof. Wilde, in order to conceptualise and establish comprehensive heuristics and to jointly advance plans for a research network that is in the process of being built.

More information:
Prof. Wilde - National University of San Martín

Dresden Junior Fellowship
1 April - 31 July 2019

Guest of Prof. Roswitha Böhm Chair of French Literature and Cultural Studies Centrum Frankreich | Frankophonie Institute of Romance StudiesFaculty of
Linguistics, Literature and Cultural Studies

The collaboration with the outstanding junior researcher Dr. Martina Stemberger was of particular interest to the Institute of Romance Studies and the newly founded “Centrum Frankreich | Frankophonie”: As a specialist in the field of French (but also Italian, Spanish and Latin American) contemporary literature, she contributed her extended comparative perspective, including gender/queer aspects and post-colonial aspects.

Dresden Senior Fellowship
15 April – 15 July 2019

Guest of Prof. Holger Kuße Institute of Slavic StudiesFaculty of Linguistics, Literature and Cultural Studies

Prof. Dmitrij Dobrovol’skij works in German Linguistics at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, was formerly a research fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and holds honorary doctorates from the Universities of Paris-Sorbonne and Stockholm.

The scientific exchange between Prof. Dmitrij Dobrovol’skij, Prof. Holger Kuße (Slavic Studies) and Prof. Alexander Lasch (German Studies) has existed since 2010, and has already resulted in several joint publications. In collaboration with both Chairs, Prof. Dobrovol’skij carried out a research project on “Phraseology and construction grammar” during his stay. Furthermore, Prof. Dobrovol’skij participated in the colloquium of doctoral candidates in Slavic Linguistics, which took place in the 2019 summer semester. He also co-developed the workshop “Intercultural Communication and Intercultural Learning”, which took place from 6 to 8 June 2019.

Dresden Senior Fellowship
12 April –10 May 2019

Guest of Prof. Horlacher Institute of English and American StudiesFaculty of Linguistics, Literature and Cultural Studies

The aim of Prof. Neloufer de Mel’s research stay was the conceptualisation of an international research project (working title: Critical Pathways in English Studies, Truant Geographies), which culminated in a conference that is being planned. In addition, Prof. de Mel was also involved in the work of the GenderConceptGroup on an inter-institutional basis.

Prof. de Mel is the Director of the English Department at the University of Colombo in Sri Lanka and Senior Professor of English there. She is an internationally renowned specialist in the field of English literature and cultural studies with a focus on postcolonial, war and gender studies. Her research topic dealing with South Asian literatures and cultures has previously not been represented at TU Dresden. She is also active in several international expert committees and has been awarded various research prizes (such as the Fulbright Senior Research Fellowship at Yale University). In her more recent publications, she has addressed ‒ from a feminist and cultural-studies perspective ‒ transitional justice, the security and legal situation, gender, literature and art in Sri Lanka since the end of more than 25 years of civil war.

More Information at:
TU Dresden interview with Prof. Neloufer de Mel

Dresden Senior Fellowship
15 February - 15 May 2019/15 July - 15 October 2019

Guest of Prof. Maria LieberInstitute of Romance StudiesFaculty of Linguistics, Literature and Cultural Studies

Dr. Adriana Paolini completed her doctorate in 1996, and has been a lecturer at the Università degli studi di Trento since 2004. The collaboration in codicological research between Prof. Maria Lieber and Dr. Paolini has existed since 2013, and has resulted in Dr. Paolini’s participation in the project of digitisation and in-depth indexing of the Italian manuscripts at the SLUB. This project has been funded by the DFG since 2015. During her stays in 2019, and in close cooperation with the SLUB, Dr. Paolini further expanded the editorial philology in the field of Digital Humanities. In this way, her fellowship was also intended to contribute to raising the profile of the manuscripts in Dresden’s libraries within the international research landscape.

More information at:
Dr. Adriana Paolini - Website
Interview on the TU Dresden website of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences

Dresden Junior Fellowship
1 February - 31 May 2019

Guest at the Research Centre for Comparative History of Religious Orders (FOVOG)

Dr. Jerković is an assistant professor and the Head of Department of Croatian Latinity at the University of Zagreb. As a specialist in the field of researching mediaeval church history in Croatia, Dr. Jerković has ‒ in the context of the scientific exchange with FOVOG ‒ shifted his focus in researching the historical structures of mediaeval monasteries from a regional historical approach to one that is general and comparative. Since 2017, he has been developing a project dealing with the question of authority and consensus in monastic communities.

Dr. Jerković’s visit served to intensify the common research interests between FOVOG and University of Zagreb. The aim was also to strengthen collaboration with Zagreb scientific institutions and the Central University in Budapest in order to develop a Central Eastern European exchange network.

Dresden Junior Fellowship
1–31 October 2019

Guest of Dr. Henna Riemenschneider, General Medicine/Medical Clinic 3, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus

Dr. Sarama Saha earned her doctorate in internal medicine at TU Dresden in 2013 and was subsequently a research assistant at TU Dresden until 2015. Since 2016, she has been working as Assistant Professor at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS).

As a result of the time she spent at TU Dresden, Dr. Saha has already published numerous joint publications with TUD researchers (in particular Dr. Henna Riemenschneider). During her Dresden Fellowship, she helped to intensify the long-term collaboration between TU Dresden and the AIIMS. In addition, Dr. Saha analysed research data and prepared a publication.

Dresden Junior Fellowship
1 July - 31 October 2019

Guest at Dr. Ilona Croy Interdisciplinary Center "Smell & Taste" Clinic and Polyclinic for Otolaryngology and Otolaryngology University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus

Dr. Mahmut is the co-director of the Food, Flavour and Fragrance lab within the Department of Psychology at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Along with Dr. Ilona Croy, Dr. Mahmut will be the editors of a special issue in the journal Physiology and Behavior which will focus on how our sense of smell and body odours influence the initiation, maintenance and breakdown of romantic relationships - an emerging area of research being propelled by Dr. Croy and Dr. Mahmut.

During his research stay Dr. Mahmut will supervise PhD candidates and present guest lectures in several courses. He also will be involved in relates to changes of social relationships, sexuality, partnership and emotionality of patients with olfactory loss. Dr. Mahmut will integrate his experience, skills and knowledge on conducting experimental olfaction studies in the Interdisciplinary Center "Smell & Taste" and contribute a new line of enquiry into it‘s research programme that investigates how our sense of smell impacts the function and dysfunction of various types of relationships and behaviours. 

More information:
Dr. Mahmut - Macquarie University

Dresden Junior Fellowship
1 May - 31 October 2019

Guest of Prof. Thomas Hummel Interdisciplinary Center "Smell & Taste"Clinic and Polyclinic for Ear, Nose and Throat MedicineUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus

Dr. Laiquan Zou received his doctorate in 2016 and has been Assistant Professor at the Department of Psychology of Southern Medical University in China since then. As an expert in olfactory research, he expanded the collaboration with Prof. Thomas Hummel’s Section Olfactology/Gustology during his stay.

Dr. Zou is interested in research into “olfaction and mental disorders”, which is why he was closely affiliated to the division “Smelling and Depression” in Dresden. A joint project investigated to what extent there are similarities in the processing of scents in patients with olfactory disorders who develop depressive symptoms, and in patients who are depressed and have thus partially lost their ability to smell.

Dresden Junior Fellowship
14 June – 26 October 2019

Guest of Prof. Christoph Neinhuis and Prof. Stefan Wanke, Institute of Botany

Prof. Natalia Pabón-Mora has been Associate Professor at the Institute of Biology at the Universidad de Antioquia since 2017. Her hosts at TU Dresden, Prof. Christoph Neinhuis and Prof. Stefan Wanke, share their research interest in the Aristolochiaceae family with Prof. Pabón-Mora. The intention was to focus and deepen this interest during the Dresden Fellowship. The Botanical Garden in Dresden has the world’s largest collection of Aristolochiaceae, providing the basis for the joint research.

During her stay, Prof. Pabón-Mora was also involved in teaching activities. In addition, the development of student exchange programmes, funding applications to the DAAD and a future monograph on Aristolochiaceae were planned.

Dresden Junior Fellowship
1 May - 31 October 2019

Guest of Prof. Klaus Reinhardt Chair of Applied ZoologyFaculty of Biology

Dr. Adam Dobson has been researching as a postdoc at the Institute of Healthy Ageing at University College London since 2014. He works at the interface of physiology, systems biology and genetics to study how nutrition regulates lifespan and metabolism. Dr. Dobson was about to establish his own independent research group and was therefore a promising partner for Prof. Klaus Reinhardt’s lab and for a long-term collaboration.

During the Dresden Fellowship, the basis for such a long-term collaboration has been laid. In addition, Dr. Dobson was involved in the “Advanced Microscopy” seminar led by Prof. Reinhardt, and held further lectures.

Dresden Junior Fellowship
01 February - 31 May 2019

Guest at the Institute of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Mathematics

Dr. Souhayl Sadik is a theoretical mechanical engineer researching at the interface between mechanics and mathematics in the field of non-linear elasticity and its applications in materials science and biology. His research visit was aimed to intensify joint research work with Prof. Axel Voigt, Chair of Scientific Computing and Applied Mathematics. The Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS) served as a platform with regard to application projects, as have the Graduate Lectures of the Faculty of Mathematics in connection with modelling approaches and analytical questions. There was also close co-operation with Prof. Stefan Neukamm at the Institute of Scientific Computing and Prof. Oliver Sander at the Institute of Numerics.

Dr. Sadik has been a Fullbright Scholar and currently works as a Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences in Leipzig.